The first Europeans arrived in North America with a landscape so different from today that it featured extinct animals most of us wouldn’t even recognize. Not exactly dinosaurs, but definitely nothing like most wildlife we know of today.
Those extinct species spanned from bears to butterflies. Sadly, most of them were hunted since it was a different time. Some were taken for food, some for clothing, while some were even used for housing or weapons.
You’d have to visit a museum to see these extinct creatures but here’s a list for you!
Great Auk
This flightless seabird lived along the East Coast of both the United States and Canada, including Iceland, Greenland, and the British Isles.
The last pair of nesting great auks passed in 1844. Hunters captured and killed these birds in Iceland nd stepping on their egg. It was in 1852 when a living great auk was last spotted.
The great auk spent a lot of time in the water, coming ashore just to breed. They stood out from penguins which made it easy for hunters who killed them for their meat and feathers.
Mexican Grizzly Bear
These bears were native to northern Mexico, and some areas of Arizona and New Mexico. They were slightly smaller than other North American grizzlies.
These Mexican Grizzly Bears sported golden or silvery coats. Cattle ranchers saw them as pests so they dispatched the grizzlies to maintain their land.
They were named a protected species, but researchers believe the bears went extinct by 1969.
Carolina Parakeet
These birds were considered to be America’s only native parrot species. The small, colorful birds were found in the Southeastern US.
They were abundant from Colorado to New York, but the parakeets were mainly concentrated in Florida, Georgia, including the coasts of North and South Carolina.
In 1918, the last captive Carolina parakeet died at the Cincinnati Zoo. Scientists are still unsure as to what caused their extinction.
Caribbean Monk Seal
The Caribbean monk seal was once found throughout the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. It is the first species of seal believed to become extinct because of humans.
Hunters poached the resting seals as they nursed on beaches, with the last confirmed sighting in 1952.
The seals received extinction status in 2008, more than 50 years later. They were the only species of seal native to the region.
Florida Black Wolf
The Florida black wolf was thought to be a subspecies of gray wolf or coyote. Researchers, however, disagree. They may possibly be genetically distinct from the two species.
These dark-colored wolves were native to Florida until 1908, before being officially declared extinct.
These wolves were hunted down and crowded out of a habitat shared with the Florida red wolf, another species that became extinct in 1921.
Passenger Pigeon
Passenger pigeons thrived in America in the early 1800s, with migrating flocks as high as hundreds of millions. It took these birds several hours to pass overhead.
By the 1890s, those flocks contained just a few dozen birds.
Martha was the last living passenger pigeon who passed at the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914. Experts say these pigeons were hunted to extinction, since people then didn’t think hunting would reduce their numbers.
Hare Indian Dog
The Hare Indian dog was a breed raised by First Nations tribes. Experts believe the Hare Indian dog was a type of “coydog”, basically a coyote crossbred with a domestic dog, or even a domesticated breed of coyote.
These dogs were a medium-sized, long-haired canine used by the Northern Canadian Hare tribe for hunting.
Traditional methods of hunting phased out with the breed soon mixing with other domestic dogs. The Hare Indian dog slowly disappeared in the 1800s, and are now extinct.
Heath Hen
Heath hens were once found throughout the East Coast of the US until 1932. They were roughly the size of an average chicken, with striped feathers and “horns” on the back of their heads.
Their close cousin was the greater prairie chicken, which lived throughout the Midwest. Greater prairie chickens are currently considered vulnerable.
These hens are a candidate for a process called “de-extinction,” which means genetics can bring them back.
Eastern Elk
The eastern elk was a subspecies of North America’s once-thriving population of elks. They were found throughout the Northern and Eastern US alongside herds of bison and small deer.
Hunted heavily by Europeans, Theodore Roosevelt himself took note of their dwindling numbers in 1905.
Researchers consider these elk extinct. A New Zealand elk population which came from a group of 18 eastern elk Teddy Roosevelt sent in early 1905 may hold the key to the species reintroduction.
Salish Woolly Dog
The Salish woolly dog served the Coast Salish tribes of the Pacific Northwest, including Washington and British Columbia. The dogs had a yearly shearing process because of their “wool”.
It was mixed with mountain goat fibers and used to weave blankets.
The breed became extinct in the 1900s, but DNA tests proved that the oral history of dog hair being used to make blankets was really true.
Xerces Blue Butterfly
These butterflies were a small invertebrate species native to the coastal area of San Francisco with the last wild specimen seen in 1941.
The Xerces became extinct because of urbanization and human encroachment on their habitat.
There is a non-profit today called the Xerces Society which draws attention to invertebrates that could potentially fade into history.
Labrador Duck
This species of sea duck lived along the Northeast Coast of the United States. During the winter, these ducks ventured out as far south as Long Island and the Chesapeake Bay.
The ducks may have been always rare, but scientists are still unsure.
Over-hunting, their eggs, or the mollusks they fed on could explain why the last sighting of these ducks occurred in 1878.
The Labrador duck lives on through 55 existing taxidermy specimens around the world.
Sea Mink
The Sea Mink is genetically similar to the American mink. They likely went extinct in the 1880s. Being coastal dwellers, they lived along the eastern seaboard in Newfoundland, Maine, and Massachusetts.
The sea mink was gone before scientists could even study and document their behavior and the mink’s habitat range.
Their pelts were valuable to Europeans, with over-hunting a key factor that led to extinction.
Please SHARE this with your friends and family.